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Getting Started with Wildfire Smoke Air Quality

June 18, 2026 · The Clime Team
Getting Started with Wildfire Smoke Air Quality

Wildfires significantly impact air quality across the United States, posing health risks to many individuals. Understanding how to monitor air quality and take protective measures is essential for safeguarding your health during wildfire events.

What Is Wildfire Smoke and Its Impact on Air Quality?

Wildfire smoke is a complex mixture of gases and fine particles produced when vegetation burns. These particles, known as particulate matter (PM₂.₅), can penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular issues. Even healthy individuals may experience symptoms such as coughing, throat irritation, and shortness of breath. Those with existing health conditions, children, and older adults are particularly vulnerable. (epa.gov)

How Can I Monitor Air Quality During Wildfire Events?

Monitoring air quality is crucial during wildfire events. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides several resources to help you stay informed:

  • AirNow Fire and Smoke Map: This interactive tool offers real-time information on fire locations, smoke plumes, and current air quality levels. You can access it online or through the AirNow mobile app. (epa.gov)

  • Air Quality Index (AQI): The AQI is a color-coded system that communicates how clean or polluted the air is and what associated health effects might be of concern. An AQI value over 100 indicates unhealthy air quality, especially for sensitive groups. (epa.gov)

What Actions Should I Take to Protect Myself from Wildfire Smoke?

Taking proactive steps can significantly reduce your exposure to harmful smoke:

  • Stay Informed: Regularly check the AirNow Fire and Smoke Map for updates on air quality in your area.

  • Limit Outdoor Activities: When the AQI is high, reduce outdoor activities, especially strenuous ones.

  • Create a Clean Indoor Environment: Keep windows and doors closed to prevent smoke from entering. Use air purifiers with HEPA filters to improve indoor air quality.

  • Use N95 Respirators: If you need to go outside during high smoke periods, consider wearing an N95 respirator to filter out harmful particles.

  • Stay Hydrated and Monitor Health: Drink plenty of water and be alert to any symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath. Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen. (epa.gov)

How Can I Prepare for Future Wildfire Smoke Events?

Preparation is key to minimizing health risks during wildfire seasons:

  • Develop an Emergency Plan: Include evacuation routes and a communication strategy with family members.

  • Create a Clean Room: Designate a room in your home as a clean air space, equipped with an air purifier and minimal windows.

  • Stay Connected: Sign up for local air quality alerts and stay informed about wildfire activity in your region. (epa.gov)

What Resources Are Available to Help Me Stay Informed?

The EPA offers several resources to assist you:

  • AirNow Website and App: Provides real-time air quality information and forecasts.

  • Smoke-Ready Toolbox: Offers guidance on protecting indoor air quality during smoke events.

  • Educational Materials: Resources like "Why is Coco Red?" help explain the effects of wildfire smoke to children. (epa.gov)

By staying informed and taking appropriate precautions, you can effectively manage the health risks associated with wildfire smoke.

Highlights:

  • Wildland Fires and Smoke | US EPA, Published on Tuesday, July 29
  • Wildfires | US EPA, Published on Monday, March 30
  • EPA Support Before, During, and After a Wildland Fire | US EPA, Published on Tuesday, February 24

Frequently Asked Questions