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Understanding Hail: A Beginner's Guide

June 18, 2026 · The Clime Team
Understanding Hail: A Beginner's Guide

Hail is a form of solid precipitation consisting of balls or lumps of ice, typically ranging from 5 to 50 millimeters (0.2 to 2 inches) in diameter. Larger hailstones can form during severe thunderstorms. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

How Does Hail Form?

Hailstones develop within strong thunderstorms, particularly supercells, which are characterized by powerful updrafts. These updrafts carry raindrops into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere, where they freeze. As these frozen droplets are lifted back into the storm, they collide with supercooled water droplets, adding layers of ice. This cycle repeats until the hailstones become too heavy for the updrafts to support, causing them to fall to the ground. (nssl.noaa.gov)

Types of Hailstones

Hailstones vary in size and appearance:

  • Non-Severe Hail: Includes sizes from bullet (approximately 1/8 inch) to penny (3/4 inch).

  • Severe Hail: Ranges from quarter (1 inch) to baseball (2 3/4 inches).

  • Significant Severe Hail: Encompasses sizes from grapefruit (4 inches) to softball (4 1/2 inches). (weather.gov)

Safety Measures During Hailstorms

Hailstorms can cause significant damage to property and pose risks to personal safety. To protect yourself:

  • Seek Shelter: During severe thunderstorms, go to a small interior room on the lowest floor of your home, school, or business. Avoid windows. (weather.gov)

  • Protect Vehicles: If possible, move vehicles into garages or under carports to help prevent damage. (weather.gov)

  • Stay Informed: Monitor NOAA Weather Radio for updates on severe weather watches and warnings. (weather.gov)

Conclusion

Understanding hail formation, recognizing the different types of hailstones, and implementing safety measures can help mitigate the risks associated with hailstorms. Stay informed and prepared to protect yourself and your property.

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Frequently Asked Questions