Guides

Understanding Wildfire Smoke and Air Quality: A Comprehensive Guide

June 17, 2026 · The Clime Team

Wildfires can significantly degrade air quality, posing health risks even to healthy individuals. Understanding how to assess air quality and take protective measures is crucial during wildfire events.

What Is the Air Quality Index (AQI)?

The AQI is a standardized system used to communicate air quality levels to the public. It translates concentrations of pollutants like particulate matter (PM₂.₅) into a scale from 0 to 500, where higher values indicate greater health risks. The AQI is divided into six categories, each representing a different level of health concern. (epa.gov)

How Does Wildfire Smoke Affect Air Quality?

Wildfire smoke is a complex mixture of gases and fine particles produced when wood and other organic materials burn. The primary health threat from smoke is from fine particles (PM₂.₅), which can penetrate deep into the respiratory system, causing issues such as burning eyes, runny nose, and illnesses like bronchitis. These particles can also aggravate chronic heart and lung diseases and are linked to premature deaths in people with these conditions. (epa.gov)

How Can I Check Air Quality During a Wildfire?

To monitor air quality during wildfire events, you can use resources like the AirNow Fire and Smoke Map. This tool provides real-time information on air quality, fire locations, smoke plumes, and health recommendations. By entering your location, you can access current AQI readings and receive guidance on protective actions. (epa.gov)

What Protective Measures Should I Take?

Stay Informed: Regularly check AQI levels in your area, especially during wildfire seasons.
Limit Outdoor Activities: When AQI levels are unhealthy, reduce outdoor exertion to minimize exposure.
Create a Clean Room: Designate a room in your home as a clean room by keeping windows and doors closed, using an air purifier, and sealing gaps to prevent smoke from entering. (epa.gov)
Use Air Purifiers: Utilize air purifiers with HEPA filters to reduce indoor particle pollution.
Keep Windows Closed: During smoke events, keep windows and doors closed to prevent smoke from entering your home.
Avoid Using Tobacco or Candles: These can add to indoor air pollution.

How Can I Protect My Health During Wildfire Smoke Events?

Individuals with heart or lung diseases, older adults, children, and pregnant women are at increased risk during wildfire smoke events. It's important for these groups to take extra precautions, such as staying indoors, using air purifiers, and following local health advisories. (epa.gov)

How Can I Prepare for Future Wildfire Smoke Events?

Stay Informed: Keep abreast of local air quality reports and wildfire activity.
Develop an Emergency Plan: Have a plan in place for evacuation if necessary.
Prepare an Emergency Kit: Include items like N95 masks, medications, and important documents.
Create a Clean Room: As mentioned, designate a room in your home as a clean room to protect your health during smoke events. (epa.gov)

By understanding the AQI and implementing protective measures, you can significantly reduce your exposure to wildfire smoke and safeguard your health.